DeepOffer

Design permission-aware retrieval so users never see content they cannot access in the source system.

ML System DesignReported interview question
Reported in public interview compilations — Microsoft, Databricks, Glean, Palantir

Use a two-stage retrieval design: high-recall candidate generation followed by a more expensive reranker. Partition indexes, version embeddings, filter by permissions, monitor recall and drift, and keep a lexical fallback for exact terms.

Make interfaces and ownership explicit; add versioning, access control, monitoring, canary rollout, rollback, and a plan for delayed labels or human review.

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