Questions reported from Spotify machine learning engineer interviews. This bank tracks 13 questions asked at Spotify (3 with free model answers). Practice them live with DeepOffer's AI voice interviewer.
RAG vs. fine-tuning boundary first: Frequently updated knowledge and enterprise docs go to RAG.
Four monitoring layers: Input data (schema, missing rate, distribution), features (online/offline consistency), prediction output (score distribution, confidence), and business outcomes (real metrics when delayed labels arrive).
Problems to solve first: Duplicate feature work, online/offline inconsistency, and training-serving skew (point-in-time misalignment).
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